Venture Capital: An International Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance
Special Issue on "New perspectives on women entrepreneurs and finance"
Editors: Claire Leitch, Friederike Welter and Colette Henry
Call for papers
The genesis of this call arises from the papers presented at the DIANA International conferences and associated publications which have explored women's approaches to acquiring financial and other resources to build and grow their ventures. Specifically, it builds on an earlier special issue published in this journal in 2006 that investigated how women-owned and -led businesses were financed. While a substantial body of literature now exists on gender and access to finance, interest in this area remains the subject of debate for academics, policy makers and business support professionals. To date, most research has concentrated on women's access to finance at the start-up stage (Sena et al., 2008; Roper and Scott, 2009), women entrepreneurs' access to external finance (Carter and Shaw, 2006; Carter et al., 2007), and the differences between men and women investors and professional support advisers (Harrison and Mason, 2007). The general themes that emerge from the literature to date suggest that women's start-ups are smaller than men's; they tend to be under-capitalised, are less likely to take on debt finance, are more risk-averse, locally based and young (i.e. less than three years old), and operate in sectors where growth might be limited.
A recently completed review of 30 years of gender and entrepreneurship research (by Henry, Foss and Ahl, forthcoming) found 'finance' to be amongst the most popular topics; yet despite this, we do not seem to have progressed very far in terms of women's access to entrepreneurial finance, whether formal or informal. Indeed, several questions still need to be addressed: Why does the gender gap persist in obtaining financing for a new business? Do financing agencies discriminate against women entrepreneurs, or is this simply the perception of women entrepreneurs and funding officers? Does the persistent underrepresentation of women in the financing industry, especially in venture capital, play a role? Do women entrepreneurs have better access to the new funding sources such as crowdfunding? Which implications can research on financing women-owned businesses offer for policy-makers and those supporting women entrepreneurs?
This special issue aims to address some of the above questions, and is so doing, to encourage new perspectives on extant debates on gender and the financing of entrepreneurial ventures. These should reflect global shifts in economies, cultures, business trends and social norms. Topics such as social enterprise, non-profit venturing, corporate social responsibility, technology and scientific-based women's entrepreneurship may offer particularly novel 'sites' for exploring such new dimensions. Thus, we welcome both empirical and conceptual papers, and we are especially interested in manuscripts that critically reflect on current knowledge in relation to women's entrepreneurship and financing from a regional, national and international perspective. Specific topics that would be of interest to the special issue editors include, but not exclusively so, the following:
New empirical evidence on the gender gap in financing a business, e.g., on new funding sources or the representation of women in the financing industry (venture capital, business angels, crowdfunding, etc.). Which types of finance do women entrepreneurs access (credit/ debt/ equity/ non-mainstream financial systems)?
Empirical evidence on the impact of the global economic financial crisis such as contraction in lending and access to credit: is there a gender element?
Ethnicity, gender and access to finance: How does women's seclusion from the public arena, the role of religion and a lack of mobility impact on finance?
Voluntary and non-voluntary exclusion – including the discouraged borrower but also on social and cultural grounds (developed, developing country perspective)
The importance of context at all levels: developed vs developing world, intra and inter-country variations in access to financing; the influence and impact of different banking systems and regimes – international perspective
Papers questioning the dominance of research from a Western and developed countries' perspective, exploring women's access to finance in developing countries and highlighting the impact of social, cultural, institutional factors – ownership of property, access to education etc.
Supply side issues such as the impact of recent regulatory and structural reforms of banking and financial services sector in UK, US and Europe and the influence of gender.
Second-generation forms of gender bias: are there institutional and social structures which might perpetuate discriminatory practices irrespective of existence of equal opportunity legislation? Is this more evident in developed countries which arguably might have a more sophisticated regulatory regime?
Timeline and anticipated date of publication
Submission of manuscripts 30 October 2015
First review decision 31 December 2015
Notification to authors 15 January 2016
Submission of revised manuscripts 15 April 2016
Second review decisions 30 June 2016
Notification to authors 15 July 2016
Submission of revised manuscripts 31 October 2016
Publication Early 2017
Manuscripts should be submitted electronically, applying the journal's template, direct to the special issue editors: Claire Leitch (c.leitch@lancaster.ac.uk), Friederike Welter (welter@uni-siegen.de), Colette Henry (Colette.henry@dkit.ie). Papers will be double-blind peer reviewed following the normal practice of the journal.
Further details and discussion of potential submission are welcome. Please address queries to the special issue editors: Claire Leitch (c.leitch@lancaster.ac.uk), Friederike Welter (welter@uni-siegen.de), Colette Henry (Colette.henry@dkit.ie)
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